Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes (March 30, 1746 - April 15, 1828) was a Spanish painter and engraver. He was born in Fuendetodos, Spain and later lived primarily in Madrid.

His later influence is significant since his art was both deeply subversive and subjective, at a time when these attitudes were not predominant. His emphasis on the foreground and faded background portends Manet.

He painted the Spanish Royal Family, including Charles IV of Spain and Ferdinand VII. His themes go from merry festivals for tapestry draft cartons to scenes of war, fight and corpses. This evolution reflects the darkening of his temper. Modern doctors suspect that the lead in his pigments was poisoning him and was also the cause of his being deaf since 1792. These "Black Paintings" prefigure Expressionism.

He retired to his Quinta del Sordo ("Deaf man's villa") after the French troops of Napoleon Bonaparte seized the power in Spain. Some of his paintings depict scenes of the horrors of the Peninsula War.
He died in exile in Bordeaux.

Many of Goya's works are on display at the Museo del Prado. Two of Goya's most famous pictures, are known as The Nude Maja and The Clothed Maja. They depict the same woman in the same pose, naked and clothed respectively.